59,845 research outputs found
Boron determination in steels by Inductively-Coupled Plasma spectometry (ICP)
The sample is treated with 5N H2SO4 followed by concentrated HNO3 and the diluted mixture is filtered. Soluble B is determined in the filtrate by Inductively-Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry after addition HCl and extraction of Fe with ethyl-ether. The residue is fused with Na2CO3 and, after treatment with HCl, the insoluble B is determined by ICP spectrometry as before. The method permits determination of ppm amounts of B in steel
Vertically coupled microring resonators using one epitaxial growth step and single-side lithography
A
Non-analyticities in three-dimensional gauge theories
Quantum fluctuations generate in three-dimensional gauge theories not only
radiative corrections to the Chern-Simons coupling but also non-analytic terms
in the effective action. We review the role of those terms in gauge theories
with massless fermions and Chern-Simons theories. The explicit form of
non-analytic terms turns out to be dependent on the regularization scheme and
in consequence the very existence of phenomena like parity and framing
anomalies becomes regularization dependent. In particular we find
regularization regimes where both anomalies are absent. Due to the presence of
non-analytic terms the effective action becomes not only discontinuous but also
singular for some background gauge fields which include sphalerons. The
appearence of this type of singularities is linked to the existence of nodal
configurations in physical states and tunneling suppression at some classical
field configurations. In the topological field theory the number of physical
states may also become regularization dependent. Another consequence of the
peculiar behaviour of three-dimensional theories under parity odd
regularizations is the existence of a simple mechanism of generation of a mass
gap in pure Yang-Mills theory by a suitable choice of regularization scheme.
The generic value of this mass does agree with the values obtained in
Hamiltonian and numerical analysis. Finally, the existence of different
regularization regimes unveils the difficulties of establishing a Zamolodchikov
c-theorem for three-dimensional field theories in terms of the induced
gravitational Chern-Simons couplings.Comment: 21 pages; Contribution to Ian Kogan Memorial Collection, ``From
Fields to Strings: Circumnavigating Theoretical Physics'
Reset and switch protocols at Landauer limit in a graphene buckled ribbon
Heat produced during a reset operation is meant to show a fundamental bound
known as Landauer limit, while simple switch operations have an expected
minimum amount of produced heat equal to zero. However, in both cases,
present-day technology realizations dissipate far beyond these theoretical
limits. In this paper we present a study based on molecular dynamics
simulations, where reset and switch protocols are applied on a graphene buckled
ribbon, employed here as a nano electromechanical switch working at the
thermodynamic limit
Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in Directed Small-World Networks
Many social, biological, and economic systems can be approached by complex
networks of interacting units. The behaviour of several models on small-world
networks has recently been studied. These models are expected to capture the
essential features of the complex processes taking place on real networks like
disease spreading, formation of public opinion, distribution of wealth, etc. In
many of these systems relations are directed, in the sense that links only act
in one direction (outwards or inwards). We investigate the effect of directed
links on the behaviour of a simple spin-like model evolving on a small-world
network. We show that directed networks may lead to a highly nontrivial phase
diagram including first and second-order phase transitions out of equilibrium.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX format, 4 postscript figs, uses eps
New Precision Electroweak Tests of SU(5) x U(1) Supergravity
We explore the one-loop electroweak radiative corrections in supergravity via explicit calculation of vacuum-polarization and
vertex-correction contributions to the and
parameters. Experimentally, these parameters are obtained from a global fit to
the set of observables , and . We
include -dependent effects, which induce a large systematic negative shift
on for light chargino masses (m_{\chi^\pm_1}\lsim70\GeV). The
(non-oblique) supersymmetric vertex corrections to \Zbb, which define the
parameter, show a significant positive shift for light chargino
masses, which for can be nearly compensated by a negative
shift from the charged Higgs contribution. We conclude that at the 90\%CL, for
m_t\lsim160\GeV the present experimental values of and
do not constrain in any way supergravity in
both no-scale and dilaton scenarios. On the other hand, for m_t\gsim160\GeV
the constraints on the parameter space become increasingly stricter. We
demonstrate this trend with a study of the m_t=170\GeV case, where only a
small region of parameter space, with \tan\beta\gsim4, remains allowed and
corresponds to light chargino masses (m_{\chi^\pm_1}\lsim70\GeV). Thus
supergravity combined with high-precision LEP data would
suggest the presence of light charginos if the top quark is not detected at the
Tevatron.Comment: LaTeX, 11 Pages+4 Figures(not included), the figures available upon
request as an uuencoded file(0.4MB) or 4 PS files from [email protected],
CERN-TH.7078/93, CTP-TAMU-68/93, ACT-24/9
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